Bangalore is located in the southeast of Karnataka state. Kolar District lies on the northeast of the city, Tumkur District on the northwest. On the southwest Mandya District is located and the southeast of the city borders Tamil Nadu. The altitude of the city is approximately 920 m and it spreads an area of 2190 sq. km. The geographical location of the city is 12.97° N 77.56° E.

Bangalore Urban district has three districts namely Bangalore North, Bangalore South and Anekal. The southern part is hilly, the northern part is plain. The water reservoirs from the Kaveri basin and Vrishabhavathi and Arkavathi water plants supply water to the city.
The rock formation of the area is the Peninsular Gneissic Complex (PGC), which comprises of granites, gneisses and migmatites. The forests are mainly deciduous canopy and coconut trees.